酸性废水中As(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)与铁粉的反应行为

在Fe-As(Ⅲ)-Cu(Ⅱ)-H₂O体系中, 研究了酸性废水中As(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)与金属铁粉的反应行为, 考察了反应过程中As在气、液、固三相中的分配比。结果表明, As(Ⅲ)和Cu(Ⅱ)离子被Fe还原为单质As和Cu后, As、Cu进一步结合成Cu₅As₂等金属间化合物, 从而促进As(Ⅲ)沉淀反应的发生, 且无AsH3生成。在反应时间40min、铁粉过量系数1.2、溶液初始pH=0.0、温度40 ℃、Cu/As摩尔比1.0条件下, As在气、液、固三相中的分配比分别为0、20.7%和79.3%, 沉砷率为79.3%。     

Pt-WC/Mnt三元纳米复合材料的制备及其电催化性能

以剥离后的蒙脱石(Mnt)片层为载体、六氯化钨(WCl6)为钨源,通过浸渍负载及原位还原碳化获得了碳化钨(WC)与蒙脱石(Mnt)纳米复合材料,然后将氯铂酸(H2PtCl6)通过浸渍负载于复合材料上,并在氢气(H2)中还原得到Pt-WC/Mnt三元纳米复合催化材料。采用X射线粉末衍射和透射电子显微镜对三元纳米复合催化材料的物相、形貌和结构进行表征,采用三电极体系和循环伏安法测试了样品的电催化性能。结果表明:样品物相主要为WO3和WC,蒙脱石片层结构明显,铂(Pt)纳米粒子均匀分布于WC/Mnt复合材料的外表面。Pt-WC/Mnt三元纳米复合材料对甲醇电催化氧化具有较高的催化活性,并且在酸碱体系中均具有良好的稳定性。     

CaCuO2颗粒尺寸对双粉法制备Bi系高温超导带材性能的影响

本文通过基于共沉淀工艺的双粉法制备了Bi_1.76Pb_0.34Sr_1.93Ca_2.0Cu_3.06O_8+d (Bi-2223)前驱体粉末。在这一过程中,首先单独制备了Bi_1.76Pb_0.34Sr_1.93CaCu_2.06O_8+d (Bi-2212)和CaCuO₂(实际相组成为Ca₂CuO₃和CuO)粉末,并分别进行了烧结。通过调节共沉淀工艺过程中的pH值,获得了颗粒尺寸不同的CaCuO₂粉末,然后将Bi-2212与其按照相组成相组成为1:1进行混合,并装入Ag包套中,通过一系列的旋锻、拉拔和轧制工艺,获得设计尺寸的Bi-2223带材。比表面积测试表明随着pH值从3.0增加到5.0和6.5,获得CaCuO₂粉末的平均颗粒尺寸从1.1减小到0.75和0.60 mm。通过扫描电镜对不同尺寸CaCuO₂颗粒制备的Bi-2223生带、第一次热处理和后处理之后带材的相组成和分布进行了表征。结果表明,适当尺寸的CaCuO₂颗粒可以避免团聚现象的出现,因此有利于高载流性能带材的获得。最终通过进一步调节带材的尺寸,1#带材的性能最高,达到了12200 Acm^_-2。     

Process−microstructure−properties relationship in Al−CNTs−Al2O3 nanocomposites manufactured by hybrid powder metallurgy and microwave sintering process

Al−2CNTs−xAl₂O₃ nanocomposites were manufactured by a hybrid powder metallurgy and microwave sintering process. The correlation between process-induced microstructural features and the material properties including physical and mechanical properties as well as ultrasonic parameters was measured. It was found that physical properties including densification and physical dimensional changes were closely associated with the morphology and particle size of nanocomposite powders. The maximum density was obtained by extensive particle refinement at milling time longer than 8 h and Al₂O₃ content of 10 wt.%. Mechanical properties were controlled by Al₂O₃ content, dispersion of nano reinforcements and grain size. The optimum hardness and strength properties were achieved through incorporation of 10 wt.% Al₂O₃ and homogenous dispersion of CNTs and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) at 12 h of milling which resulted in the formation of high density of dislocations and extensive grain size refinement. Also both longitudinal and shear velocities and attenuation increase linearly by increasing Al₂O₃ content and milling time. The variation of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation was attributed to the degree of dispersion of CNTs and Al₂O₃ and also less inter-particle spacing in the matrix. The larger Al₂O₃ content and more homogenous dispersion of CNTs and Al₂O₃ NPs at longer milling time exerted higher velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic wave.     

铁基含油轴承材料表面硫化改性及摩擦学性能

为改善边界润滑工况下铁基含油轴承材料的摩擦学性能,采用低温液体渗硫技术在材料表面形成一层固体渗硫层,微观检测渗硫层形貌与成分,并在端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦学实验,分析其摩擦磨损性能与自润滑机理。结果表明:渗硫层中固体润滑剂的主要成分为FeS,硫化物沿着基体孔道由材料表面向内部扩散,渗硫层的厚度约为15μm;与未硫化材料相比,硫化材料的摩擦因数明显降低,且硫化时间越长,轴承表面渗硫层的减摩性能越好;表面硫化改性后,利用轴承基体多孔含油与表面渗硫层的液固协同润滑作用,其综合摩擦磨损性能比单纯固体润滑或单纯油润滑的减摩性能都要好,边界润滑工况下的抗擦伤、抗咬合性能得到改善。     

Optimization of sugar release from banana peel powder waste (BPPW) using box-behnken design (BBD): BPPW to biohydrogen conversion

Optimization of pre-treatment conditions has been achieved for total sugar release from banana peel powder waste (BPPW) feedstock modelled through a three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) of the response surface methodology (RSM). A series of various runs were executed at varied acid (H₂SO₄) concentrations (0.05%–0.15% v/v), incubation periods (1 h–3 h) in water bath at 95 °C and alkali (NaOH) concentrations (0.05%–0.15% v/v) according to the Box-Behnken design (BBD). From RSM the significant values of incubation period, acid concentration and alkali concentration were obtained as 3 h, 0.095% v/v, and 0.05% v/v respectively. The maximum total sugar release was reported as 5243.62 μg/ml which was highly close to the predicted value (5010.07 μg/ml). The model P- value (0.001), R-sq (98.26%), (adj) R-sq (95.14%) and (pred) R-sq (79.56%) obtained through ANOVA justified the results. The mutual impact of alkali and incubation period had the highest effect on total sugar release from dried banana peel powder, followed by mutual impact of acid and incubation period based on ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) results.Under optimized conditions of pre-treatment six different substrate concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% w/v) of BPPW was hydrolyzed and used to obtain volumetric bio-hydrogen evolution. The highest cumulative volumetric bio hydrogen gas 43 ml H₂/30 ml media was achieved at 5% w/v of pretreated BPPW. The substrate concentration above 5% w/v resulted in lowered fermentation process owing to product and substrate inhibition.     

Sintering and magnetocaloric properties of gas atomised LaFe11.0Si1.2Co0.8

ABSTRACT

The sintering behaviour of LaFe_11.0Si_1.2Co_0.8 powder produced by gas atomisation was examined to provide a basis for the application of powder metallurgical shaping technologies to magnetocaloric La(Fe,Si)₁₃-alloys. The aim was to establish sintering parameters for attaining both high densification and good magnetocaloric properties for the investigated particle sizes <10 µm and <25?µm. Dilatometry measurements and sintering trials were carried out and density, microstructure and entropy change ΔS of the sintered samples were analysed. For the fine particles <10?µm, the lowest investigated sintering temperature 1150°C results in a relative density of 97%, a low α-Fe content and a high ΔS?=??5?J?kg^?1?K^?1 (ΔH=2?T). For powder <25?µm, a two-stage process is required to achieve similar properties.     

Influence of additive materials on the roughness of AISI D2 steel in electrical discharge machining (EDM) environment

The quality of the machined surface resulted from the electrical discharge machining (EDM) environment is not efficient according to the previous studies. One of the significant problems is the impedance of dielectric fluid, where it is contributing to focusing the plasma channel in a limited area. Hence, this behavior leads to appearing deep craters on the machined zone. The researchers have attempted to enhance the average of surface roughness by employing powder particles or surfactant as the additive materials in the dielectric fluid. Unfortunately, these studies did not present a comparison between these additive materials in this environment. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the performance of the average of surface roughness (R_a) for AISI D2 steel by utilizing Nano chromium powder (NCP) and Span-20. The present work has proved that the behavior of the average of surface roughness for this steel is dropping at the maximum level of Nano chromium powder concentration and pulse duration as compared to the behavior with the Span-20. Moreover, the best roughness was produced by this steel with Nano chromium powder at 2 g/L and 20 μs for this powder and the pulse duration.     

粉末注射成型技术的研究和应用

介绍了粉末注射成型技术的概念和工艺,包括金属粉末注射成型(MIM)、陶瓷粉末注射成型(CIM),讲述了黏结剂的使用发展情况;阐述了粉末注射成型专用注射成型机的特点,PIM粉末注射专用塑化系统,PIM专用料斗滑块装置,镶套式机筒座等,介绍了PIM技术在诸多行业中的应用,3C行业,医疗行业,汽车行业等,并展望了PIM研究的发展方向。